Canadian Risk Assessment Finds GMO Salmon Susceptible to Disease
加拿大风险评估发现转基因三文鱼易感染疾病



Newly released documents conflict with FDA findings
最新释出的文件显示与FDA的调查结果冲突



（时间：2015年5月28日；翻译：jrry86；原文连接：http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/pressreleases/canadian-risk-assessment-finds-gmo-salmon-susceptible-to-disease/）






WASHINGTON, D.C. – A never-before-seen draft environmental review of AquaBounty Technologies’ (ABTX) genetically engineered (GE) salmon reveals that Canadian government scientists disagree with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on key questions related to the safety and performance of what may be the first GE animal approved for human consumption. In light of these findings, Food & Water Watch, Center for Food Safety, Friends of the Earth and Consumers Union today called on the FDA to terminate its ongoing review of GE salmon.

华盛顿消息---一份此前从未见到过的针对AquaBounty技术公司（ABTX）的转基因三文鱼的环境审核草案显示，加拿大政府科学家与美国FDA在有关转基因三文鱼的安全性和性能表现等关键问题上存在分歧，后者将可能是第一个被批准的供人类食用的转基因动物。根据这些新发现，“食品和水源观察”、“食品安全中心”、“地球的朋友”和“消费者联盟”今天联合要求FDA终止还在进行的对转基因三文鱼的审核（公开信原文：http://fwwat.ch/1LIYrN0）。

The partially redacted, 400-page draft risk assessment from the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans makes startling findings about the welfare and performance of GE salmon, including that GE salmon:

这份来自加拿大渔场和海洋部的被部分编辑过的400页的风险评估草案（文件全文下载：http://fwwat.ch/1JUxPdr）对转基因三文鱼的安危和性能给出了令人震惊的调查结果，包括：

— are more susceptible to Aeromonas salmonicida, a type of disease-causing bacteria, than non-GE domesticated salmon, which indicates unique animal health problems and raises environmental and public health concerns that the FDA has never considered.

- 转基因三文鱼比非转基因三文鱼更易受到Aeromonas salmonicida（一种致病细菌）的感染，这表明存在特定的动物健康问题，也带来了对环境和公众健康的顾虑，而FDA却从未考虑过这些。

— are exhibiting dramatically diminished growth rates in AquaBounty’s commercial facilities, casting more doubt on the widely disputed claims about the accelerated growth rates of GE salmon.

- 转基因三文鱼在AquaBounty的商业化设施中戏剧性地表现出生长速度减慢，这让人们对本来就备受争议的转基因三文鱼生长速度快的宣传产生了更多疑问。

— are displaying widely varied performance, including inconsistent growth rates, suggesting that the growth-hormone gene construct inserted in the fish is not operating in a predictable manner, raising questions about the durability, safety and commercial viability of GE salmon.

- 转基因三文鱼的性能表现差别很大，包括生长速度不一致，说明所构建的插入鱼中的生长激素基因，其运作情况不可预测，这带来了对转基因三文鱼的持久性、安全性和商业生存能力的疑问。

“The findings from the Canadian risk assessment show that FDA has based its assessment of this totally unnecessary technology on blind trust,” said Wenonah Hauter. “It’s clear that there are unique safety issues that FDA has failed to consider, which is why we are calling on the agency to terminate its review of GMO salmon.”

“加拿大风险评估调查结果说明，FDA对这个完全没有必要存在的技术的评估是建立在对其盲目信任的基础上的，”Wenonah Hauter说。“很清楚，有些特定的安全性问题，FDA没有考虑到，因此我们要求FDA终止对转基因三文鱼的审核。”

The contradictions found in the Canadian risk assessment follow a series of embarrassing missteps in the FDA’s ongoing regulatory review of GE salmon, including the FDA’s failure to document two major biosecurity lapses at AquaBounty, including a storm-related mechanical failure that involved “lost” salmon. Additionally, in 2014, it was discovered that AquaBounty’s production facility in Panama has been operating without legally required permits related to environmental safety.

FDA正对转基因三文鱼进行的监管审核出现了一连串令人尴尬的错误，比如FDA没有把AquaBounty的两个重要的生物安全方面的过失记录下来，其中一个是因暴雨而引起的机械故障导致了三文鱼丢失。另外在2014年发现，AquaBounty在巴拿马的生产设施在没有必须的环境安全法律许可的情况下违规进行操作。而加拿大风险评估所发现的矛盾正是在这一背景下被披露出来的。

“The modus operandi at FDA is to rubber stamp AquaBounty’s flawed and biased studies and then call its review process ‘science-based,’” said Jaydee Hanson, Senior Policy Analyst at the Center for Food Safety. “FDA’s inadequate risk assessment is at odds with reality, with science and with the public, which has long called on the agency to put consumers’ health and environmental safety ahead of the corporate interests of the biotechnology industry.”

“FDA的惯用手法就是给AquaBounty的有缺陷的片面的研究盖上橡皮图章，然后宣布它的审核过程是'科学的'，”“食品安全中心”的高级政策分析师Jaydee Hanson说。“FDA的不充分的风险评估与现实有冲突，与科学有冲突，与公众有冲突，后者一直呼吁该机构把消费者的健康和环境的安全置于生物科技工业的公司利益之上。”

The 2013 Canadian draft risk assessment recently became public through a legal battle over Canadian regulators’ approval of commercial GE salmon production, which several public-interests groups are challenging. No government anywhere in the world has ever approved GE salmon for consumption or declared it safe to eat, and commercial production has not yet begun. The FDA’s regulatory approval is still pending.

这份2013年的加拿大风险评估草案在最近被公开，是得益于一场针对加拿大管理机构批准转基因三文鱼商业化生产的法律之战，好几个公共利益团体挑战了这个审批。世界上还没有一个政府曾批准过转基因三文鱼的消费或宣布它可安全食用，商业化生产还没有开始。FDA的审批也还悬而未决。

“Major grocery chains, consumers and salmon producers are all rejecting genetically engineered salmon,” said Dana Perls, food and technology campaigner for Friends of the Earth. “This new assessment adds to the body of science showing that this genetically engineered fish doesn’t offer any benefit to aquaculture, has unique health problems and presents environmental risks. Why is the FDA continuing to spend scarce tax-payer dollars reviewing this fish that offers all risk and no reward?”

“主要的零售连锁店、消费者和三文鱼生产商都拒绝转基因三文鱼，”来自“地球的朋友”的食品和技术活动家Dana Perls说。“这个新的评估给科学体系增加了证据，证明这种转基因鱼对水产业没有任何助益，反而有特定的健康问题，带来环境风险。为什么FDA还要继续花费本就有限的纳税人的钱审核这种只有风险没有收益的鱼？”

The commercial salmon industry has long disputed AquaBounty’s claims that GE salmon can reach market weight in half the time as conventional salmon. A variety of sources, including new data found in the Canadian risk assessment, indicate that GE salmon probably grow slower than the highly domesticated Atlantic salmon currently in commercial production. The only benefit claim that AquaBounty submitted to the FDA for regulatory approval is fast growth.

三文鱼业界长久以来一直对AquaBounty宣传的其转基因三文鱼可以用常规三文鱼一半的时间达到上市体重持有争议。而有好些信息来源，包括这份加拿大风险评估中的新数据，则显示转基因三文鱼，比起目前商业化生产中的人工养殖的大西洋三文鱼来说，生长更慢。而AquaBounty向FDA提交审批申请时所宣称的转基因三文鱼的唯一优势就是生长速度快。